. 2025 Sep 4;13(36):15189–15200. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06762

2. Content of Carbonyl Groups Estimated via Oximation, ¹³C NMR, and PAR on SKL, HKL, and OL.

		content of carbonyl groups (mmol/g)
		SKL	HKL	OL
oximation		0.58 ± 0.03	0.47 ± 0.03	0.31 ± 0.03
quantitative ¹³C NMR		0.54 ± 0.08	0.43 ± 0.09	0.29 ± 0.08
reduction followed by ³¹P NMR (PAR)	1-step reduction: lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.50	0.35 ± 0.02	0.38 ± 0.02	0.18 ± 0.02
reduction followed by ³¹P NMR (PAR)	2-steps reduction: (1) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.50 (2) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.10	0.54 ± 0.03	0.43 ± 0.03	0.26 ± 0.02
	3-steps reduction: (1) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.50 (2) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.10 (3) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.10	0.53 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.02
	4-steps reduction: (1) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.50 (2) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.10 (3) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.10 (4) lig/NaBH₄ 1:0.10	0.55 ± 0.03	0.44 ± 0.03	0.29 ± 0.03

2. Content of Carbonyl Groups Estimated via Oximation, 13C NMR, and PAR on SKL, HKL, and OL.