Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Sep 18.
Published before final editing as: J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2025 Jul 9:dgaf392. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaf392

Table 2:

Characteristics of autoantibody positive participants by type 1 diabetes stage at baseline

Single antibody positive Stage 1 Stage 2

N 4,314 3,066 2,045

Baseline age (yrs), mean (SD) 14.2 (± 12.1) 12.3 (± 10.3) 13.5 (± 10.3)

Sex, N (%)
Male 2,184 (50.6) 1,682 (54.9) 1,111 (54.3)
Female 2,128 (49.3) 1,383 (45.1) 934 (45.7)
Missing 2 (0.1) 1 (0) 0 (0)

Race, N (%)
White 3,734 (86.6) 2,686 (87.6) 1,801 (88.1)
African American 109 (2.5) 84 (2.7) 48 (2.3)
Other 162 (3.8) 101 (3.3) 72 (3.4)
Missing 309 (7.1) 195 (6.4) 124 (6.2)

Ethnicity, N (%)
Non-Hispanic 3,708 (86) 2,666 (87) 1,773 (86.7)
Hispanic 416 (9.6) 253 (8.3) 172 (8.4)
Missing 190 (4.4) 147 (4.7) 100 (4.9)

GRS2, mean (SD) 13.4 (± 2.1) 13.8 (± 1.9) 13.9 (± 1.8)

Follow-up (yrs), mean (SD) 0.97 (± 1.68) 1.6 (± 2.2) 2.4 (± 2.6)