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. 2025 Sep 10;2025:8213936. doi: 10.1155/joph/8213936

Table 2.

Comparison of long-term follow-up physical examinations outcomes between 2 study groups.

Characteristic Control group LP + IVR group p value
BW at birth, g, mean (SD) 1553.5 (392.7) 831.4 (140.9) 0.001a∗
GA at birth, week, mean (SD) 29.8 (1.4) 27.5 (1.7) 0.001a∗
Chronological age at physical examination, months, mean (SD) 29.8 (6.0) 30.0 (9.6) 0.797a
Ophthalmic outcomes
 BCVA, log MAR, mean (SD) 0.3 (0.1) 0.4 (0.1) 0.172a
 SE, D, mean (SD) +2.1 (0.6) +1.9 (0.7) 0.086a
 AL, mm, mean (SD) 21.6 (0.6) 21.9 (0.7) 0.140a
Somatic outcomes
 BW, kg, mean (SD) 15.1 (1.4) 14.8 (1.6) 0.608a
 Body height, cm, mean (SD) 95.5 (5.4) 94.9 (4.3) 0.737a
 Head circumference, cm, mean (SD) 48.2 (0.9) 47.9 (0.7) 0.279a
Developmental outcome (GDDS), M (P25, P75), range
 Gross motor 91 (85, 95)
77 to 100
89 (80, 93)
67 to 99
0.166b
 Fine motor 92 (86, 95)
75 to 99
87 (84, 93)
69 to 99
0.154b
 Adaptability 93 (88, 95)
76 to 99
88 (81, 94)
66 to 100
0.137b
 Language 89 (84, 94)
67 to 99
87 (84, 92)
70 to 99
0.278b
 Personal-social 91 (85, 96)
76 to 98
90 (84, 94)
77 to 98
0.391b

Note: IVR, intravitreal injection of ranibizumab.

Abbreviations: BW, body weight; CCH, cumulative clock hours; GA, gestational age; LP, laser photocoagulation; PMA, postmenstrual age; ROP, retinopathy of prematurity; SD, standard deviation.

aindependent t-test.

bWilcoxon rank-sum test.

p < 0.05.