Table 5.
Comparison of brainPAD values between healthy controls (HC) and patients with schizophrenia (SZ) for both uncorrected and age-bias corrected estimates.
| Modality | Metric | Uncorrected brainPAD | Corrected brainPAD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HC | SZ | HC | SZ | ||
| sMRI | Mean (SD) | 1.298 (5.813) | 4.340 (6.568) | -0.614 (1.378) | 1.624 (4.210) |
| b (SE) | 2.995 (0.825) | 2.242 (0.605) | |||
| t | 3.629 | 3.702 | |||
| p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| d | 0.728 | 0.739 | |||
| FA | Mean (SD) | -4.774 (8.357) | -2.479 (9.289) | -0.790 (1.252) | 1.690 (6.872) |
| b (SE) | 2.205 (1.006) | 2.490 (0.948) | |||
| t | 2.190 | 2.624 | |||
| p | 0.030 | 0.010 | |||
| d | 0.439 | 0.523 | |||
| sMRI + FA | Mean (SD) | 0.310 (5.626) | 3.938 (6.597) | -0.523 (1.322) | 1.687 (3.988) |
| b (SE) | 3.584 (0.939) | 2.215 (0.574) | |||
| t | 3.814 | 3.857 | |||
| p | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||
| d | 0.765 | 0.769 | |||
Group means and standard deviations (SD) are provided. Multiple regression models were used to adjust for chronological age and sex. The regression coefficient b with standard error (SE) represents the unstandardized effect size (in years) for group differences estimated from the multiple regression model. Cohen’s d values represent the effect sizes for group differences.