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. 2025 Sep 2;58:101452. doi: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101452

Table 2.

The impact of Ukrainian Refugee Situation.

Country Change in HBV infections among Ukrainian migrants Change in HCV infections among Ukrainian migrants Change in Ukrainian migrants
Austria 1100 (710–1500) 3400 (2800–4500) 85,000
Belgium 1000 (690–1500) 3600 (2900–4700) 79,500
Bulgaria 490 (330–690) 1700 (1400–2200) 49,800
Croatia 310 (210–440) 1200 (1000–1600) 24,800
Cyprus 3 (2–4) 16 (13–20) 200
Czechia 5100 (3400–7200) 17,400 (14,200–22,900) 359,000
Denmark 410 (280–590) 1400 (1100–1800) 31,200
Estonia 6 (4–8) 60 (50–80) 460
Finland 810 (540–1100) 2600 (2100–3400) 60,500
France 830 (550–1200) 3700 (3000–4900) 67,300
Germany 14,400 (9600–20,400) 51,900 (42,100–68,100) 1,147,000
Greece 16 (11–20) 80 (60–100) 1200
Hungary 160 (110–230) 720 (580–940) 12,700
Ireland 1400 (930–2000) 4600 (3700–6000) 114,000
Italy 2100 (1400–2900) 6600 (5400–8700) 153,000
Latvia 30 (40–20) 100 (130–80) 2600
Lithuania 290 (200–410) 1300 (1000–1700) 23,300
Luxembourg 3 (2–4) 10 (10–20) 230
Malta 9 (6–12) 30 (20–40) 640
Netherlands 1400 (970–2100) 5100 (4100–6700) 112,000
Poland 8600 (5700–12,100) 33,800 (27,500–44,400) 923,000
Portugal 90 (60–130) 430 (350–570) 6700
Romania 1600 (1000–2200) 3800 (3100–5000) 167,000
Slovakia 1200 (790–1700) 4600 (3700–6000) 111,000
Slovenia 5 (3–7) 20 (18–30) 380
Spain 1400 (950–2000) 4900 (4000–6500) 107,000
Sweden 410 (270–570) 1300 (1100–1700) 33,800
EU total 43,000 (28,700–60,900) 154,000 (125,000–202,000) 3,667,000

HBV—HBsAg+, HCV—anti-HCV+.