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. 2025 Sep 5;12:1643744. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2025.1643744

Table 2.

Functional impairment score and pain index score.

Parameter Record time Group A Group B P value
VAS Preop 7.22 ± 0.82 7.33 ± 0.89 0.400
Postop 3d 2.95 ± 0.71 2.76 ± 0.54 0.401
Postop 3m 2.95 ± 0.67 2.93 ± 0.47 0.056
Postop 3y 3.19 ± 1.12 2.80 ± 0.69 0.003
ODI Preop 66.56 ± 4.20 68.50 ± 4.97 0.123
Postop 3d 26.07 ± 2.68 26.30 ± 2.59 0.751
Postop 3m 26.53 ± 2.57 26.27 ± 2.22 0122
Postop 3y 29.14 ± 4.19 25.22 ± 3.11 0.018

Preop, preoperation; Postop 3d, three days after operation; Postop 3m, three months after operation; Postop 3y, three years after operation; ODI, Oswestry disability index; VAS, visual analog scale. Font bold indicates statistical difference, P < 0.05.