Table 3.
Participants' dietary intakes (N = 305).
| Nutrient or food intake/day | Mean ± SD | Min. | Max. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 3540.81 ± 1919.67 | 185.88 | 10,937.39 |
| Protein (g) | 137.06 ± 77.69 | 1.74 | 374.67 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 398.35 ± 212.48 | 27.13 | 1496.55 |
| Total fat (g) | 160.88 ± 93.34 | 6.34 | 458.99 |
| Cholesterol (mg) | 563.11 ± 385.38 | 0.30 | 2424.43 |
| Saturated fat (g) | 68.58 ± 38.92 | 2.12 | 214.23 |
| MUFA (g) | 55.73 ± 35.17 | 1.79 | 164.08 |
| PUFA (g) | 25.66 ± 15.10 | 0.50 | 91.88 |
| Sodium (mg) | 3804.15 ± 2211.87 | 121.42 | 12,575.67 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 295.50 ± 176.60 | 3.15 | 1603.76 |
| Calcium (mg) | 1778.32 ± 1038.41 | 31.91 | 5876.19 |
| Iron (mg) | 27.23 ± 16.11 | 0.57 | 115.16 |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 12.68 ± 9.40 | 0.00 | 56.63 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 15.00 ± 9.18 | 0.40 | 49.12 |
| Thiamin (B1) (mg) | 4.78 ± 2.71 | 0.06 | 22.59 |
| Riboflavin (B2) (mg) | 10.88 ± 6.39 | 0.03 | 54.93 |
| Pyridoxine (B6) (mg) | 3.48 ± 2.08 | 0.14 | 11.86 |
| Folate (B9) (μg) | 529.15 ± 349.56 | 11.05 | 2191.52 |
| Cobalamin (B12) (μg) | 10.49 ± 14.73 | 0.02 | 149.35 |
| Dietary fiber, total (g) | 32.93 ± 22.26 | 1.47 | 127.56 |
| Total sugar (g) | 140.89 ± 77.21 | 11.84 | 530.54 |
| Vitamin A (RAE) (μg) | 2029.45 ± 1822.46 | 1.17 | 15,941.38 |
| Rosemary (g) | 2.46 ± 2.78 | 0.08 | 15.00 |
| Thyme/oregano (g) | 1.98 ± 2.74 | 0.08 | 20.00 |
| Garlic (g) | 4.35 ± 3.40 | 0.08 | 20.00 |
| Onion (g) | 11.53 ± 8.93 | 0.50 | 45.00 |
| Black pepper (g) | 3.97 ± 3.01 | 0.08 | 15.00 |
| Turmeric (g) | 3.01 ± 2.85 | 0.08 | 12.50 |
| Saffron (g) | 2.14 ± 3.23 | 0.08 | 25.00 |
| Ginger (g) | 2.48 ± 2.60 | 0.08 | 15.00 |