Skip to main content
. 2025 Sep 18;25:936. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-08095-w

Table 1.

Comparison of maternal characteristics, laboratory results, and umbilical artery dopplers parameters of the EO-PE, LO-PE, and control groups

EO-PE
n = 170 (47.7%)		 Control
n = 155 (52.3%)		 p value LO-PE
n = 150 (50%)		 Control
n = 150 (50%)		 p value EO-PE
n = 170 (53.1%)		 LO-PE
n = 150 (46.9%)		 p value
Maternal age (year) 30.8 ± 6.2 27.5 ± 5.4 < 0.001a 30.3 ± 6.6 28.8 ± 5.2 0.033a 30.8 ± 6.2 30.3 ± 6.6 0.452a
Gravida 2 (2) 2 (2) 0.965b 2 (2) 2 (2) 0.841b 2 (2) 2 (2) 0.911b
Parity 1 (2) 1 (2) 0.382b 1 (2) 1 (2) 0.958b 1 (2) 1 (2) 0.439b
Nulliparous 87 (51.2%) 95 (61.3%) 0.067c 79 (52.7%) 85 (56.7%) 0.487c 87 (51.2%) 79 (52.7%) 0.487c
In vitro fertilization 11 (6.5%) 0 (0%) < 0.001d 4 (2.7%) 0 (0%) 0.122d 11 (6.5%) 4 (2.7%) 0.122d
Height (cm) 162 (7) 162 (10) 0.837b 163 (10) 161 (8) 0.058b 162 (7) 163 (10) 0.169b
Weight (kg) 85 (26) 75 (17) < 0.001b 87 (24) 77 (15) < 0.001b 85 (26) 87 (24) 0.344b
BMI (kg/m2) 32.86 (11.16) 29.14 (5.88) < 0.001b 33.04 (7.56) 29.63 (6.08) < 0.001b 32.86 (11.16) 33.04 (7.56) 0.703b
ASA usage 32 (19.4%) 2 (1.3%) < 0.001d 18 (12.6%) 2 (1.3%) < 0.001d 32 (19.4%) 18 (12.6%) < 0.001c
Gestational age at data collection (week) 30 (4) 31 (1) 0.159b 36 (2) 36 (2) 0.182b 30 (4) 36 (2) < 0.001b
UA-S/D 2.80 (0.91) 2.52 (0.49) < 0.001b 2.6 (0.65) 2.5 (0.8) 0.164b 2.8 (0.91) 2.6 (0.65) < 0.001b
UA-PI 0.98 (0.28) 0.9 (0.19) < 0.001b 0.9 (0.28) 0.89 (0.29) 0.044b 0.98 (0.28) 0.90 (0.28) 0.005b
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 12.1 (1.9) 11.4 (1.7) < 0.001b 11.7 (1.8) 11.9 (1.6) 0.859b 12.1 (1.9) 11.7 (1.8) 0.012b
White blood cell count (109/L) 11 (3.6) 10.77 (3.87) 0.039b 11.22 (3.24) 10 (3.23) 0.010b 11 (3.6) 11.22 (3.24) 0.358b
Neutrophil count (109/L) 8.15 (3.88) 7.63 (2.95) 0.030b 8.25 (3.23) 7.52 (2.72) 0.020b 8.15 (3.88) 8.25 (3.23) 0.977b
Lymphocyte count (109/L) 2.9 (1.2) 1.88 (0.52) 0.005b 1.89 (0.73) 1.87 (0.76) 0.997b 2.9 (1.2) 1.89 (0.73) 0.010b
Monocyte count (109/L) 0.67 (0.35) 0.72 (0.27) 0.040b 0.65 (0.25) 0.69 (0.27) 0.431b 0.67 (0.35) 0.65 (0.25) 0.957b
Platelet count (109/L) 234 (97) 236 (79) 0.291b 238 (97) 239.5 (78) 0.490b 234 (97) 238 (97) 0.504b
AST (IU/L) 20 (12) 15 (6) < 0.001b 18.5 (11) 15 (7) < 0.001b 20 (12) 18.5 (11) 0.447b
ALT (IU/L) 13 (10) 9 (5) < 0.001b 11 (6.8) 10 (5) 0.004b 13 (10) 11 (6.8) 0.034b
Albumin (g/dL) 33.65 (5.8) 36.7 (3) < 0.001b 33.6 (4) 37.15 (3.3) < 0.001b 33.65 (5.8) 33.6 (4) 0.986b
LDH (U/L) 290 (143) 188 (34) < 0.001b 245 (110) 193 (48) < 0.001b 290 (143) 245 (110) 0.001b
ALP (IU/L) 114 (49) 113.5 (43) 0.631b 127 (57) 120 (67) 0.090b 114 (49) 127 (57) 0.001b
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.60 (0.21) 0.48 (0.13) < 0.001b 0.59 (0.17) 0.51 (0.13) < 0.001b 0.60 (0.21) 0.59 (0.17) 0.892b
Uric acid (mg/dL) 5.8 (2.5) 3.7 (1) < 0.001b 5.4 (1.9) 3.70 (1.2) < 0.001b 5.8 (2.5) 5.4 (1.9) 0.727b
Fibrinogen (mg/dL) 484 (137) 481 (112) 0.443b 499.5 (116) 470.5 (96) 0.008b 484 (137) 499.5 (116) 0.060b
TSH (mU/mL) 2.26 (1.52) 1.91 (1.33) 0.006b 23 (1.38) 1.9 (1.43) 0.360b 2.26 (1.52) 23 (1.38) 0.175b
24-hour urine protein (mg) 572 (1792.5) - N/A 467 (481) − N/A 572 (1792.5) 467 (481) 0.009b

Data are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD or median (IQR) where appropriate. A p value of < 0.05 indicates a significant difference and statistically significant p-values are in bold. EO-PE Early onset preeclampsia; LO-PE Late onset preeclampsia; BMI Body mass index; ASA Acetylsalicylic acid; UA-SD Umbilical artery systolic/diastolic ratio; UA-PI Umbilical artery pulsatility index; AST Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT Alanine aminotransferase; LDH Lactate dehydrogenase; ALP Alkaline phosphatase; TSH Thyroid stimulating hormone. a: Student’s T-test, b: Mann-Whitney U test, c: Pearson Chi-square test, d: Fisher’s Exact test