What is currently known about this topic?

1. Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity with visceral fat accumulation, accelerates biological aging through metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress

2. Sex differences exist in fat distribution and aging susceptibility, yet the modifying role of dietary antioxidants (e.g., Asc) remains underexplored

3. Traditional metrics such as BMI inadequately reflect abdominal obesity, whereas the BRI has been established as a superior predictor of disease onset and prognosis

What is the key research question?

This study investigates whether the BRI, a visceral adiposity metric, exhibits a nonlinear association with biological aging, how sex and Asc intake independently modify this relationship, and through which metabolic and oxidative pathways these effects are mediated

What is new?

1. We identified a nonlinear positive association with threshold effects between BRI and biological aging

2. Independent modifiers were revealed: females exhibit heightened vulnerability to BRI-associated aging, while high Asc intake demonstrates protective effects, with additive and multiplicative interactions observed

3. Comprehensive mediation framework: metabolic dysfunction (TyG, TG), oxidative stress (UA, WBC), and depletion of protective factors (vitamin D, HDL-C) collectively explain 41.6% of BRI’s aging effect

How might this study influence clinical practice?

BRI thresholds enable early identification of high-risk individuals for targeted monitoring. Asc-rich dietary guidelines may mitigate aging risks, particularly in females with central obesity. Sex-stratified interventions targeting metabolic-oxidative pathways (e.g., TyG reduction, vitamin D/HDL preservation) could optimize anti-aging strategies