GRIP1−/− embryos develop dystrophic EB. (A) Schematic representation of the ultrastructure of the dermo-epidermal junction (as described in the text). (B) Ultrastructural analysis of skin from wt (a and b) and GRIP1−/− mutants (c and d). In GRIP1−/− mutants, nonblistered areas exhibit a large gap between epidermis and dermis (c), a feature absent in the skin of littermate controls. Analysis of the roof of the tissue cleft at higher magnification (d) reveals the presence of the LD. This type of lesion is typical of the dystrophic form of EB. (Magnifications: a and b, ×5,500; c, ×44,500; d, ×45,000.)