Current geographic distribution of Malpighiaceae estimated from Arénes (22). Malpighiaceae, with ≈1,250 species (1), are most diverse in northern South America (22). The ≈180 Old World species, belonging to six lineages (see Fig. 2) are variously represented in Africa (47 species), Australasia (17 species), India (43 species), and Madagascar (80 species) [from Arénes (22)]. Red stars indicate fossil localities from Hungary and Slovenia (17), and Tennessee (21).