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. 2025 Sep 8;16:1653790. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2025.1653790

Table 2.

DALYs cases, age-standardized rates of DALYs (ASDR, per 100,000) of stroke attributable to high alcohol use from 1990 to 2021, and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in age-standardized rates over the same period.

Region and gender 1990 2021 1990–2021
DALY (*102; 95% UI) ASDR (95% UI) DALY (*102; 95% UI) ASDR (95% UI) EAPC of ASDR (95% CI)
Overall 60032.43 (13234.35–114231.64) 154.83 (33.98–299.48) 84372.72 (20564.66–161013.15) 97.89 (23.83–187.71) −1.63 (−1.7 to −1.56)
Sex
Male 47284.17 (11383.51–88140.72) 265.85 (59.02–505.77) 72857.69 (18362.2–137238.06) 181.55 (44.5–345.6) −1.34 (−1.4 to −1.28)
Female 12748.25 (2157.21–26548.62) 62.51 (10.14–131.75) 11515.03 (2161.6–24083.19) 24.89 (4.72–51.84) −3.3 (−3.44 to −3.16)
SDI
High SDI 14644.96 (2467.54–29431.72) 132.55 (22.99–266.22) 12077.72 (2203.16–24721.01) 57.25 (10.71–115.15) −2.88 (−2.99 to −2.77)
High-middle SDI 24560.18 (5289.64–47123.04) 250.7 (51.62–489.75) 26413.1 (5874.84–52467.39) 134.48 (30.1–266.02) −2.39 (−2.63 to −2.14)
Middle SDI 14969.78 (3021–29023.52) 141.18 (31.07–275.13) 32090.61 (8240.9–59606.06) 118.52 (30.96–219.97) −0.45 (−0.55 to −0.34)
Low-middle SDI 3665.7 (760.34–7250.76) 58.03 (12.79–114.64) 9604.69 (2208.5–18499.54) 64.04 (14.92–123.09) 0.43 (0.34 to 0.52)
Low SDI 2090.13 (353.04–4302.54) 91.01 (17.08–181.35) 4100.29 (872.07–8171.97) 79.17 (18.21–153.35) −0.58 (−0.83 to −0.33)