Table 2.

Patterns and extent of AI tool use in academic work.

Details of use	Extent	Frequency	Percent
AI tool use intensity	Never	6	1.2
	Rarely	53	10.6
	Sometimes	184	36.9
	Often	209	42.2
	Very often	46	9.2
Degree of AI tool use in academic work	Fully AI-generated, submitted without editing	21	4.2
	Mostly AI-generated, edited as needed	173	34.7
	Partially AI-generated, mainly self-completed	263	52.8
	No AI tools used in academic work	41	8.2