Table 1.
Comparison of genes that have been implicated in human breast cancer with mouse models of cancer
| Gene | Status in human cancer | Status and tumor type in mouse |
|---|---|---|
| Cortactin | Amplification of chromosome 11q13 in 15% of breast cancers amplifies cortactin expression | Induced in myc |
| Galectin 3 | Increased grade of breast tumor has decreased expression | Induced in T-ag |
| Tieg | Not expressed in invasive lesions but highly expressed in normal breast epithelium, moderately in noninvasive tumors | Induced expression in neu-ras-PyMT group |
| Phopholipase A2, VII | Increases in breast cancer | Induced in T-ag |
| Tumor antigen CO-029 | High in breast carcinomas | Induced in neu |
| Aldolase C | Found in human DCIS lesions | Induced in neu |
| Prothymosin alpha | A Myc target used as a marker to measure proliferation index of human breast tumors | Highly induced in Tag and myc |
| STAT3 | Increased activity in human breast and prostate cancer cells | Induced in models except myc |
| CD24 antigen | Differential expression in human mammary cell lines | Induced in all models |
| Lipocalin 2 | Increased expression in normal ductal lumens surrounding cancer tissue, but low expression in normal ductal epithelium | Induced in all models |
| Acid β glucosidase | Inhibitors to this enzyme displayed decreased metastasis | Induced in all models |
| Riken cDNA | Similar to DRIM-1, down regulated in metastasis, isolated from MDA-Mb 435 cells | Induced in all models |
| Procollagen, Iα and IIIα | Induced in stromal cells of malignant lesions of human breast cancer | Suppressed in all tumors |