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. 2025 Sep 22;2025:3966944. doi: 10.1155/ijfo/3966944

Table 10.

Effect of water activity on the viability of B. subtilis HU58 spores in cookies.

Time (months) Freezer temperature (18°C) Refrigerator temperature (4°C) Room temperature (25°C)
1 0.54 ± 0.0 A 0.63 ± 0.1 A 0.53 ± 0.0 A
2 0.54 ± 0.0 A 0.55 ± 0.1 A 0.59 ± 0.1 A
4 0.57 ± 0.0 A 0.49 ± 0.0 B 0.57 ± 0.0 A
6 0.55 ± 0.0 A 0.46 ± 0.1 A 0.58 ± 0.0 A
8 0.62 ± 0.0 A 0.44 ± 0.1 A 0.49 ± 0.1 A
10 0.58 ± 0.0 A 0.36 ± 0.1 B 0.34 ± 0.0 B
12 0.56 ± 0.0 A 0.31 ± 0.0 B 0.37 ± 0.0 C

Note: Different capital letters (A) in the same row denote significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in log reductions between the different holding temperatures.