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. 2025 Sep 16;15(5):151. doi: 10.3390/jox15050151
MRLs Maximum Residue Limits
GC Gas Chromatography
MS Mass Spectrometry
LC Liquid Chromatography
HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
OCPs Organochlorine Pesticides
OPPs Organophosphates Pesticides
DDT p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
AChE Acetylcholinesterase
EFSA European Food Safety Authority
GAP Good Agricultural Practices
HBGVs Health-Based Guidance Values
ADI Acceptable Daily Intake
UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level
SFC Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
MAE Microwave-Assisted Extraction
PFAS Polyfluoroalkyl Substances
LOD Limit Of Detection
LOQ Limit Of Quantification
ASE Accelerated Solvent Extraction
QuEChERS Quick, Easy, Cheap, Rugged, Effective and Safe
PSA Primary Secondary Amine
SPE Solid Phase Extraction
dSPE Dispersive Solid Phase Extraction
UHPLC Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
SPME Solid-Phase Microextraction
MSPD Matrix Slid-Phase Dispersion
BiT-MSPD Balls-in-Tube Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion
SFE Supercritical Fluid Extraction
HF-LPME Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction
PF Pre-concentration Factor
EF Enrichment Factor
ER Extraction Recovery
RR Recovery Rate
DLLME Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction
SDME Single Drop Microextraction
CSDF-ME Continuous Sample Drop Flow Microextraction
CFME Continuous Flow Microextraction
LPME Liquid-Phase Microextraction
UAE Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction
HF-PLM Hollow Fiber-Protected Liquid-Phase Microextraction
G-HF-LPME Graphene-Reinforced Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction
G-HC-LPME Gas-assisted Hollow Fiber Liquid-Phase Microextraction
HS-SPME Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction
NPD Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector
ECD Electron Capture Detector
FID Flame Ionization Detector
FPD Flame Photometric Detector
HRMS High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer
Q-TOF/MS Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
FL Fluorescence
SERS Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy or Scattering
UV Ultraviolet
ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assays