Table 2. Information on different surface texturing and their corresponding tribological behaviors (h (depth), d (diameter), w (width)).

Means	Profile shape	Geometrical parameter	Texture density (%) or spacing	Sliding type	Lubrication type	Tribology performance	Friction reduction mechanism	Ref.
Two-photon lithography and atomic layer deposition	Hemisphere	d = 200 nm (10 mW), 300 nm (12.5 mW), 400 nm (15 mW)	1 μm	Unidirectional linear sliding	Dry friction	Under a load of 8000 μN, the COF is approximately 0.070, which is 35% lower than that of bare glass substrates	Reduce the contact area enhance structural stiffness	82
Laser pulse ablation	Regular slot shape circle	w = 300 μm, 500 μm, 600 μm, h = 10–15 μm, d = 10 μm	10, 20, 40	Rotary ball-disc sliding	Turbine L-TSA46 oil	The COF is 0.03, which is approximately 75% to 80% lower than that of a textured surface	Enhance hydrodynamic pressure establish a fluid lubrication film store lubricating oil capture grinding swarf	97
Nanosecond laser	Doughnuts or volcanoes	d = 400 μm	5	Reciprocating sliding	Medicinal white oil (Caltex, ISO VG 32)	The textured surface prepared by the oil layer method (with an oil film thickness of 0.28 mm) has the lowest COF	Reduce contact stress avoid the ploughing effect store lubricating oil reduce the contact area and the formation of hard burrs	98
Laser surface texturing	Circular or hemispherical	h = 10 μm, 40 μm, d = 2000 μm, 1000 μm	20	Translational slide	Water	The friction torque is reduced and remains stable at 2400 rpm	Cavitation effect reduces the contact area maintain the stability of the liquid film lubricating film capture grinding swarf	107
Laser	Chevron	d = 32 μm	5.05, 9.5, 13.02, 15.2	Unidirectional sliding	Liquid lubricant	The surface with 9.5% texture density shows the lowest friction coefficient	Increase fluid dynamic pressure	118
Laser	Chevron	d = 3 μm	9.1, 11.5	Reciprocating sliding	Oil	The surface with a texture density of 11.5% has the lowest friction coefficient	Increase the thickness of the lubricating film	119
Milling	Linear groove	d = 400 μm, w = 1.5 μm	34	Unidirectional sliding	Lubricating oil contains sands	The wear resistance is 4.9 times that of non-textured surfaces	Store silica sand	120