Table 2.
Diagnostic criteria of developmental language disorder across different data sets.
| Type of evidence | DTHC data set |
DM data set |
CL data set |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content | Evaluation | Content | Content | Evaluation | |
| Language background information | 1. Parent ITALK (experimental version) | Binary indication of language concern | Parent ITALK | 1. Parent ITALK (published version) | 4.2 or below |
| 2. Teacher ITALK (experimental version) | Binary indication of language concern | Parent BIOS | |||
| Teacher questionnaire | |||||
| Standardized testing | BESA (both languages) | 2. BESOS | −1 SD below mean on both languages | ||
| TOLD-P:3 | 3. Morphosyntax subtests of BESA/BESA-ME | ||||
| 4. Semantics subtests of BESA/BESA-ME | |||||
| Language sample analysis | 3. A conversational and narrative sample | Test of Narrative Language | 5. Test of Narrative Language | ||
| (a) Ungrammatical utterances | > 20% on better language | ||||
| (b) Mean length of utterance | −1 SD below mean on better language | ||||
| (c) Number of different words | |||||
| Observation of learning | 4. Clinician rating on responsivity and transfer | ≤ 4 points | |||
| Overall judgment | 3 out of 4 criteria | Three bilingual SLPs rating | 4 out of 5 criteria | ||
Note. DTHC = Development of a Test for Hispanic Children in the U.S.; DM = Diagnostic Marker of Language Impairment; CL = Cross-Language Outcomes of Typical and Atypical Development in Bilinguals; ITALK = Instrument to Assess Language Knowledge (Gutiérrez-Clellen & Kreiter, 2003; Peña et al., 2018); BIOS = Bilingual Input–Output Survey (Peña et al., 2018); BESA = Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment (Peña et al., 2018); BESOS = Bilingual English–Spanish Oral Screener (Peña et al., 2010); TOLD-P:3 = Test of Language Development–Primary: Third Edition (Newcomer & Hammill, 1997); BESA-ME = Bilingual English–Spanish Assessment–Middle Extension (Peña, Bedore, Gutiérrez-Clellen, et al., 2016); SLPs = speech-language pathologists.