Table 3. Upper and lower bounds of parameters of the mathematical hemodynamic model.

We assumed these parameters are set to the arterial saturation, $S^{\left(a\right)}=0.98$, and Fåhraeus factor, ${\text{F}}^{\left(\text{c}\right)}=0.8$. The limits for blood transit times in the capillaries were set ($t^{\left(c\right)}$ ranged from 0.4 to 2.0 seconds) to require venous saturation levels between 32 and 71% for healthy controls (35). The autoregulation cutoff frequency was limited to no autoregulation, 0 Hz, and normal autoregulation, 0.15 Hz. The inverse modified Grubb’s exponent ranged between 1.50 and 5.00 based on literature (47,48,80,81). The vascular compartments represent three components being (a) contributions from arterial components, (c) contributions from capillary components, and (v) contributions from venous components.

	$t^{(c)}$ (s)	$t^{(v)}$ (s)	$\frac{{\omega }_c^{(Autoreg)}}{2\pi }$ (Hz)	$\text{k}$	$\text{α}$ (s−1)
Lower Bounds	0.40	1.00	0.00	1.50	0.50
Upper Bounds	2.00	10.00	0.15	5.00	0.85