Table 4. Results used to derive quantitative predictions of the key output model parameters to the mathematical hemodynamic model.

The results reported are based on the mean and standard deviation of the variable to each participant group. The vascular compartments are represented into three components being (a) contributions from arterial components, (c) contributions from capillary components, and (v) contributions from venous components. The results shown are the mean and standard deviation of the acceptable solutions. The differences in the parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank sum test) for ${\mathit{S}}^{(\mathit{c})}$, ${\mathit{S}}^{(\mathit{v})}$, ${\text{t}}^{(c)}$, ${\text{t}}^{(\text{v})}$, $\text{k}$, $\text{α}$, and $\frac{{\mathbf{\omega }}_{\mathit{c}}^{(\mathit{Autoreg})}}{\mathbf{2}\mathit{\pi }}$.

Physiological Characteristics	Healthy Controls (n = 14) (Mean ± SD)	SCD Patients (n = 13) (Mean ± SD)	P-Value
			SCD- HC
Capillary Saturation, $S^{(c)}$ (%)	74.13 ± 7.00	51.61 ± 4.90	< 0.0001
Venous Saturation, $S^{(v)}$ (%)	54.92 ± 11.48	23.10 ± 5.89	< 0.0001
Blood Transit Times in Capillaries, $t^{(c)}$ (s)	0.71 ± 0.24	1.88 ± 0.14	< 0.0001
Blood Transit Times in Venous Compartments, $t^{(v)}$ (s)	6.47 ± 3.14	6.49 ± 1.47	0.015
Inverse of Modified Grubb’s Exponent, k	4.88 ± 0.16	2.69 ± 0.67	< 0.0001
Autoregulation Cutoff Frequency, $\frac{{\omega }_c^{(Autoreg)}}{2\pi }$ (Hz)	0.02 ± 0.0052	0.016 ± 0.033	< 0.0001
Rate Constant of Oxygen Diffusion, $\text{α}$ (1/sec)	0.76 ± 0.12	0.78 ± 0.07	0.020