Table 3. Physical Performance and Patient-Reported Outcomes Before and After Multi-Component Prehabilitation Program.
| Measures | N | Mean (SD) | Mean differencea (95% CI) |
Clinically meaningful improvement n (%)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical performance | ||||
| Gait speed, m/s | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 1.2 (0.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 1.4 (0.3) | 0.19 (0.0, 0.4) | 16 (64.0) |
| Chair stands, seconds | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 17.4 (7.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 13.9 (5.3) | −3.44 (−6.9, 0.0) | 12 (48.0) |
| Dominant handgrip strength, kg | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 28.3 (7.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 29.9 (6.5) | 1.59 (−2.1, 5.3) | 4 (16.0) |
| PROMIS-29 Profile c | ||||
| Physical function | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 43.6 (6.8) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 44.1 (7.1) | 1.5 (0.0, 3.0) | 8 (32.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 45.6 (11.6) | 2.9 (1.5, 4.4) | 8 (38.2) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 48.0 (8.2) | 4.4 (3.0, 5.9) | 13 (59.1) |
| Anxiety | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 49.5 (8.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 49.0 (9.4) | −2.1 (−3.6, −0.6) | 7 (28.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 43.6 (8.6) | −4.2 (−5.7, −2.8) | 13 (61.9) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 44.2 (6.4) | −6.4 (−7.8, −4.9) | 12 (54.5) |
| Depression | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 44.7 (5.9) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 45.5 (6.5) | −0.9 (−2.0, 0.2) | 6 (24.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 42.6 (6.5) | −1.7 (−2.8, −0.6) | 10 (47.6) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 42.7 (5.7) | −2.6 (−3.7, −1.5) | 10 (45.5) |
| Fatigue | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 51.7 (9.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 50.1 (8.1) | −1.6 (−3.1, −0.1) | 9 (36.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 49.0 (8.9) | −3.2 (−4.7, −1.7) | 10 (47.6) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 46.7 (7.9) | −4.8 (−6.3, −3.3) | 12 (54.5) |
| Sleep disturbance | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 45.8 (10.0) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 46.2 (9.5) | −1.0 (−2.7, 0.7) | 4 (16.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 46.1 (9.6) | −2.0 (−3.7, −0.3) | 5 (23.8) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 42.3 (9.6) | −3.0 (−4.7, −1.3) | 9 (41.0) |
| Participation in social roles | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 53.8 (10.7) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 51.9 (9.2) | 0.5 (−1.3, 2.4) | 6 (24.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 53.8 (10.5) | 1.1 (−0.7, 2.9) | 7 (33.3) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 55.2 (10.9) | 1.6 (0.2, 3.5) | 7 (32.0) |
| Pain interference | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 49.5 (10.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 50.0 (8.8) | −2.0 (−3.6, −0.5) | 4 (16.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 46.3 (9.0) | −4.1 (−5.6, −2.5) | 6 (28.6) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 44.7 (6.5) | −6.1 (−7.7, −4.5) | 8 (36.4) |
| Global pain | ||||
| Baseline | 28 | 2.6 (2.6) | Reference | Reference |
| Post-prehabilitation | 25 | 2.2 (2.1) | −0.5 (−0.9, −0.1) | 8 (32.0) |
| Postoperative 30 days | 21 | 1.5 (2.0) | −1.0 (−1.3, −0.6) | 10 (47.6) |
| Postoperative 90 days | 22 | 1.2 (1.7) | −1.4 (−1.8, −1.1) | 10 (45.5) |
Abbreviations: PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System.
a
The mean differences represent least squares means estimated from linear mixed effects models.
b
The clinically meaningful improvement was defined as 0.1 m/s for gait speed, 3 seconds for 5-chair stand time, 2.7 kg for dominant handgrip strength, 3 points for all PROMIS measures, and 1 point for global pain score.
c
PROMIS scores are reported in T-scores with a mean of 50 points and a standard deviation of 10 points. Higher scores indicate a more desirable health state for physical function and participation in social roles, whereas lower scores indicate a more desirable health status in the other domains. The global pain score ranged from 0 to 10.