Table 6.

Prevalences of DBS Adverse Events, Reported in Meta-Analyses Published 2022- March 2025

Adverse Event	% Prevalence (n)	Short Term Effects (n)	Chronic Effects (n)	Study Identifier
Intracerebral Hemorrhage	0.6% (5)	“aphasia, speech initiation disorder, dysarthria, central facial palsy, paresis of the left hand, frontal lobe syndrome, delirium, and cognitive decline”	hemiparesis (2), cognitive disorder (1), diplopia (1), dysarthria (1), balance disorder (1)	[133]
	0.8% (3)		death (11)	[134]
	1.3% (7)	hemiparesis (5), abandoned procedure (2)	residual hemiparesis (1)	[135]
	2.9% (379)			[136]
Intraventricular hemorrhage	1.05% (1)			[137]
Subdural Hematoma	0.52% (2)	surgical drainage (2)		[138]
	1.05% (1)			[137]
Cerebral Edema	1.6% (13)	“cognitive decline, dysarthria, apraxia, speech difficulties, apathy, confusion, and delirium… seizures”	“mild cognitive impairment” (1)	[133]
	3.74% (51)	“headache, nausea, confusion, a decline in cognitive function, mood changes, aphasia, disorientation””	“gait instability, muscle strength loss/paralysis, and epilepsy”	[140]
Infection	2.66% (14)			[137]
	2.95% (22)	antibiotics (22), skin erosion/granulation tissue (19), full system explantation with replacement (2), partial system explantation (5), IPG explant (5)	full system explanation with no replacement (7)	[135]
	3.4% (27)	antibiotics, removal and re-implantation		[133]
	6.67%			[146]
	9.95% (20)	IV antibiotics (14), wound revision (7), partial hardware removal (12)		[138]
	10.1% (36)			[134]
Skin Erosion	1.7% (6)			[134]
Lead Fracture	0.39% (2)	extension wire replacement (2)		[135]
Lead Migration	0.52% (2)	surgical “revision” (2)		[138]
	2.1% (17)			[133]