Table 2. Summary of characteristics of the transformer-based and RNN-based models used in forecasting.
| Model | Architecture | Univariate/Multivariate | Forecast type | Exogenous |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TFT | Transformer | Univariate | Direct | F/H/S |
| VanillaTransformer | Transformer | Univariate | Direct | F |
| Informer | Transformer | Multivariate | Direct | F |
| Former | Transformer | Univariate | Direct | F |
| FEDformer | Transformer | Univariate | Direct | F |
| PatchTST | Transformer | Univariate | Direct | – |
| iTransformer | Transformer | Multivariate | Direct | – |
| RNN | RNN | Univariate | Recursive | F/H/S |
| LSTM | RNN | Univariate | Recursive | F/H/S |
| GRU | RNN | Univariate | Recursive | F/H/S |
| TCN | RNN | Univariate | Recursive | F/H/S |
| DeepAR | RNN | Univariate | Recursive | F/S |
| DilatedRNN | RNN | Univariate | Recursive | F/H/S |
| BiTCN | RNN | Univariate | Direct | F/H/S |