Table 11. Comparing with related approaches.

Bold results means the highest and best results.

Study	Model	Dataset	#Students	MAPE	MAE	MSE	RMSE
Tsiakmaki et al. (2018)	LR, SVM, DT, KNN	TEI of Western Greece	592	–	1.21	–	–
Falát & Piscová (2022)	LR, DT, RF	University of Zilina	79	11.13	–	0.11	–
Obsie & Adem (2018)	LR	Hawassa University	134	–	–	–	0.0857
Elbadrawy et al. (2016)	PLMR	University of Minnesota	11,556	–	–	–	0.632
Prabowo et al. (2021)	MLP-LSTM	Bina Nusantara University	46,670	–	0.34	0.414	–
Alnomay, Alfadhly & Alqarni (2024)	LR	King Saud University	12,499	–	0.21	–	–
Akuma & Abakpa (2021)	LR	Benue State University	70	–	0.150	0.048	0.2199
This study	LSTM	SCSU	29,455	9.54	0.0059	0.001	0.0108