Table 1. Search strategy.

Category	Search terms	Boolean logic
MOO algorithms	TS = (“Multi-Objective Optimization” OR “MOO” OR “NSGA-II” OR “MOEA/D”)	OR
Smart cities	TS = (“Smart Cities” OR “Urban Systems” OR “Smart Communities” OR “Sustainable Urbanization”)	OR
Time filter	PY = (2015–2025)	—