Table 7. Quantitative comparison of core performance metrics in bio-inspired MOO algorithms.
| Algorithm | Convergence | Diversity | Computational complexity | Supporting references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSGA-II | High | Medium | Medium | Sato, Sato & Miyakawa (2017), Li et al. (2022a) |
| MOEA/D | Medium | High | Low | Alagumathi & Thangavelu (2024), Fu et al. (2021) |
| SPEA2 | Medium | High | High | Liu & Zhang (2019), Jiang & Yang (2015) |
| NSGA-III | High | High | High | Seada, Abouhawwash & Deb (2016), Gupta & Nanda (2019) |
| PSO | Medium | Medium | Low | Liu, Li & Zhu (2021), Harron, Saxena & Kumari (2024) |
| EMOCA | High | High | High | Othman, Darwish & Abd El-Moghith (2023) |
| ACO | Medium | Medium | High | Chitty (2018), Sabery, Danishyar & Mubarez (2023) |