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. 2025 Sep 17;11:e3080. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.3080

Table 2. Outcomes of the evaluation of ODP.

Model Image source AUC Precision Recall Accuracy F1-score
VGG16 Training 0.94 0.9 0.91 0.96 0.96
Testing 0.88 0.87 0.85 0.89 0.90
LSTM Training 0.98 0.93 0.97 0.98 0.94
Testing 0.94 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.92