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. 2025 Aug 29;11:e3031. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.3031

Table 5. Latency comparison of baseline and proposed UAV-RIS system.

User position Baseline system (ms) Proposed UAV-RIS system without EMI (ms) Proposed UAV-RIS system with EMI (ms)
User 1 10.5 7.8 8.3
User 2 11.2 8.0 8.5
User 3 9.8 7.1 7.5
User 4 12.0 8.6 9.0