TABLE 2.
Multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of spicy food consumption with the prevalence of colorectal polyps or adenomasa.
| Quartiles of spicy food consumption (g⋅2000 kcal–1⋅d–1) | P-trend | ||||
| Q1a | Q2b | Q3c | Q4d | ||
| Range (g⋅2000 kcal–1⋅d–1) | 0 | 0∼2.9 | 2.9∼16.4 | ≥16.4 | |
| Polyp | |||||
| Cases/n | 1,465/4,771 | 839/2,412 | 1,189/3,292 | 1,304/3,736 | |
| Model 1e | 1 (Ref.) | 1.18 (1.06–1.32) | 1.29 (1.17–1.43) | 1.24 (1.13–1.37) | <0.001 |
| Model 2f | 1 (Ref.) | 1.11 (0.99–1.24) | 1.21 (1.09–1.33) | 1.13 (1.02–1.25) | 0.004 |
| Model 3g | 1 (Ref.) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) | 1.20 (1.08–1.32) | 1.12 (1.01–1.24) | 0.006 |
| Model 4h | 1 (Ref.) | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) | 1.20 (1.08–1.32) | 1.12 (1.01–1.23) | 0.007 |
| Adenoma | |||||
| Cases/n | 764/4,771 | 493/2,412 | 675/3,292 | 675/3,736 | |
| Model 1 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.33 (1.17–1.51) | 1.37 (1.22–1.54) | 1.18 (1.05–1.33) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.26 (1.11–1.44) | 1.28 (1.14–1.45) | 1.08 (0.96–1.22) | 0.085 |
| Model 3 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.22 (1.07–1.39) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 0.101 |
| Model 4 | 1 (Ref.) | 1.24 (1.09–1.42) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) | 1.07 (0.94–1.20) | 0.146 |
MET-h/wk, metabolic equivalent task hours per week; BMI, body mass index; n, sample size; Q, quartile.
aQ1: ≤25th percentile.
bQ2: 25th–50th.
cQ3: 50th–75th.
dQ4: >75th percentile.
eModel 1 was adjusted for age and sex.
fModel 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus BMI (<18.5, 18.5–24, 24–28, >28, in kg/m2), smoking (never, past smokers with <25 pack-years or ≥25 pack-years, current smokers with <25 pack-years or ≥25 pack-years), alcohol consumption (never, ≤25 mL for men and ≤15 mL for women, >25 mL for men and >15 mL for women), household annual income (Yuan), physical activity (MET-h/wk), vitamin supplement use (yes or no), history of family colorectal cancer (yes or no), regular aspirin use (yes or no), educational level (<middle school or ≥middle school).
gModel 3 was adjusted for model 2 plus total energy intake (quartile), intake of fresh vegetable (quartile), intake of fruit vegetable (quartile), intake of unprocessed red meat (quartile).
hModel 4 was adjusted for model 2 plus total energy intake (quartile), healthy diet score (quartile).