Table 3.
Observed and expected numbers of cases of cancer and standardised incidence ratios among male airline pilots in the Nordic countries, by cancer site and estimated cumulative dose during flights
| Primary site
|
Cumulative dose (μSv)
|
|||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1-2999
|
3000-9999
|
10 000-19 999
|
⩾20 000
|
P trend
|
||||||||||||
| Obs
|
Exp
|
SIR (95% CI)
|
Obs
|
Exp
|
SIR (95% CI)
|
Obs
|
Exp
|
SIR (95% CI)
|
Obs
|
Exp
|
SIR (95% CI)
|
|||||
| All sites* | 149 | 159.1 | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.10) | 52 | 49.7 | 1.05 (0.78 to 1.37) | 93 | 82.8 | 1.12 (0.91 to 1.38) | 137 | 123.0 | 1.11 (0.94 to 1.32) | 0.11 | |||
| Lung | 19 | 20.7 | 0.92 (0.55 to 1.43) | 4 | 6.6 | 0.61 (0.17 to 1.56) | 9 | 11.8 | 0.76 (0.35 to 1.44) | 15 | 21.2 | 0.71 (0.40 to 1.17) | 0.48 | |||
| Prostate | 15 | 17.1 | 0.88 (0.49 to 1.44) | 5 | 4.9 | 1.03 (0.33 to 2.40) | 13 | 10.7 | 1.21 (0.64 to 2.07) | 24 | 16.6 | 1.44 (0.93 to 2.15) | 0.12 | |||
| Skin melanoma: | 14 | 10.2 | 1.37 (0.75 to 2.30) | 9 | 3.0 | 3.00† (1.37 to 5.69) | 13 | 4.3 | 3.02† (1.61 to 5.17) | 17 | 4.9 | 3.47† (2.02 to 5.55) | 0.008 | |||
| Head and neck‡ | 3 | 1.2 | 2.53 (0.52 to 7.39) | 2 | 0.3 | 5.81 (0.70 to 21.0) | 0 | 0.5 | 0.00 (0.00 to 7.62) | 2 | 0.6 | 3.49 (0.42 to 12.6) | 0.95 | |||
| Trunk‡ | 9 | 5.8 | 1.56 (0.71 to 2.96) | 3 | 1.7 | 1.81 (0.37 to 5.29) | 6 | 2.4 | 2.48 (0.91 to 5.39) | 12 | 2.8 | 4.29† (2.21 to 7.49) | 0.02 | |||
| Limbs‡ | 1 | 2.6 | 0.39 (0.01 to 2.18) | 3 | 0.8 | 3.87 (0.80 to 11.3) | 6 | 1.1 | 5.68† (2.09 to 12.4) | 3 | 1.2 | 2.57 (0.53 to 7.50) | 0.04 | |||
| Other skin* | 7 | 4.5 | 1.55 (0.62 to 3.20) | 1 | 1.3 | 0.77 (0.02 to 4.31) | 6 | 2.4 | 2.48 (0.91 to 5.40) | 12 | 3.7 | 3.26† (1.68 to 5.69) | 0.08 | |||
| Thyroid | 2 | 1.4 | 1.42 (0.17 to 5.14) | 0 | 0.5 | 0.00 (0.00 to 7.84) | 1 | 0.6 | 1.63 (0.04 to 9.10) | 0 | 0.6 | 0.00 (0.00 to 5.77) | 0.54 | |||
| Leukaemia: | 3 | 4.4 | 0.69 (0.14 to 2.01) | 3 | 1.5 | 1.99 (0.41 to 5.81) | 4 | 2.2 | 1.85 (0.50 to 4.74) | 4 | 3.0 | 1.35 (0.37 to 3.45) | 0.37 | |||
| Chronic lymphatic‡ | 0 | 1.1 | 0.00 (0.00 to 3.43) | 1 | 0.4 | 2.46 (0.06 to 13.7) | 2 | 0.8 | 2.64 (0.32 to 9.52) | 1 | 1.2 | 0.81 (0.02 to 4.51) | 0.54 | |||
| Other‡: | 3 | 3.3 | 0.91 (0.19 to 2.67) | 2 | 1.1 | 1.82 (0.22 to 6.56) | 2 | 1.4 | 1.43 (0.17 to 5.16) | 3 | 1.7 | 1.73 (0.36 to 5.04) | 0.46 | |||
| Acute myeloid‡ | 1 | 1.7 | 0.60 (0.02 to 3.36) | 1 | 0.5 | 1.93 (0.05 to 10.7) | 1 | 0.7 | 1.41 (0.04 to 7.84) | 2 | 0.9 | 2.12 (0.26 to 7.64) | 0.98 | |||
| Not included above | ||||||||||||||||
| Basal cell carcinoma of the skin§ | 7 | 4.8 | 1.66 (0.71 to 3.26) | 6 | 2.1 | 2.90† (1.07 to 6.32) | 8 | 8.5 | 2.32† (1.00 to 4.56) | 32 | 10.1 | 3.18† (2.18 to 4.49) | 0.09 | |||
Exp=expected; Obs=observed; SIR=standardised incidence ratio.
*
Excludes basal cell carcinoma and, in Denmark, all non-melanoma skin cancers diagnosed before 1979.
†
Significant at P<0.05.
‡
Subcategory also included in main category.
§
Only Denmark (1979-96) and Finland (1953-97).