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. 2025 Aug 15;15(4):61–79. doi: 10.62347/XUXB3631

Table 2.

Characteristics of the included studies investigating the prognostic value of PDW

Author (year) Location Population Condition Mean age (Mean [SD]) Male percentage Study design Follow-up period PDW (Mean [SD]) Outcome Measure effect
Marques et al. (2023) Portugal 394 Acute HF 79.1 (9.4) 38.1 Retrospective cohort One year 13.7 (0.6) All-cause mortality and rehospitalization Multivariable Fine and Gray model for rehospitalization (event of interest) and death without rehospitalization (competing event) due to AHF: Rehospitalization: HR of (1.02 [0.95-1.1])
Mortality: HR of (0.89 [0.81-0.97])
Marques et al. (2023) Portugal 429 Acute HF 79 (10) 37.5 Retrospective cohort One year 13.7 (2.6) All-cause mortality Multivariable logistic regression: OR of 0.88 (0.80-0.97)
Sato et al. (2022) Japan 400 HF patients with CHD 34 (16) 49 Retrospective Three years NA HF-related hospitalization and thrombus formation Multivariate logistic regression (OR for hospitalization: 1.36 [1.05-1.76] and OR for thrombus formation: 1.99 [1.46-2.63])
Multivariate Cox regression (HR for hospitalization: 3.74 [2.19-6.77] and HR for thrombus formation: 9.17 [3.65-30.7])
Zhang et al. (2019) China 336 HF 62.33 (10.6) 56 cross-sectional One year 16.30 (2.07) Renal dysfunction Logistic regression: OR of 0.65 (0.47-0.88)
Sato et al. (2020) Japan 1746 HF 68.67 (14.7) 59.6 Prospective cohort Ten years 15.98 (1.14) All-cause death, Multivariate Cox regression: HR for all-cause death 1.04 (1-1.09); HR for cardiac death 1.08 (1.02-1.15)
cardiac death,
CVD events
Siedlecki et al. (2019) Poland 367 HF + DM 62.6 (11.6) 75.7 Retrospective cohort Four years 13.45 (1.96) All-cause death Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis: HR of 0.94 [0.88-1.01]
Ishino et al. (2018) Japan 205 CHF NA NA Prospective cohort Two years 15.8 (0.6) CVD events and mortality Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis: HR of 1.576, P-value <0.05
Lelli et al. (2022) Italy 415 HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF 83.1 (7) 171 (41%) Cross-sectional NA 13.3 (2.7) NT-proBNP level Significant correlation between NT-proBNP and MPV level (r=0.09, P=0.04) which was confirmed by multivariate linear regression (P=0.004)

Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; NA, not available; AHF, acute heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction; CHD, congenital heart disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; CHF, congestive heart failure; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide.