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. 2025 Aug 28;7(5):fcaf309. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf309

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Forest plot of long-term and short-term SD (A) and REMSD (B) on anxiety-like behaviours. (A) The overall effects of SD with different duration on anxiety-like behaviours. (B) The overall effects of REMSD with different duration on anxiety-like behaviours. SD: Long-term: Control group sample size (Con-n) = 296, Experimental group sample size (Exp-n) = 292; Short-term: Control group sample size (Con-n) = 439, Experimental group sample size (Exp-n) = 427. REMSD: Long-term: Control group sample size (Con-n) = 246, Experimental group sample size (Exp-n) = 254; Short-term: Control group sample size (Con-n) = 192, Experimental group sample size (Exp-n) = 192. The meanings of the black square, horizontal line and black and diamonds in the figure are consistent with those in Fig. 3. CI, confidence interval; EPM, elevated plus maze test; n, sample size; OF, open field test; PMDAT, plus-maze discriminative avoidance task; REMSD, rapid eye movement sleep deprivation; SD, sleep deprivation; SMD, standardized mean difference.