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. 2025 Aug 18;99(9):e01130-25. doi: 10.1128/jvi.01130-25

Fig 1.

Microscopic sections depict multifocal immune cell infiltration around vessels, neuronal bodies and nerve bundles with nodular formations, necrotic cells and dense cellular accumulations in central and peripheral nervous structures.

Representative histopathological lesions in Pig CHE/2 (A, B, D–F) and Pig CHE/1 (C), hematoxylin and eosin stain. (A) Spinal cord. Multifocal prominent perivascular cuffs (arrows) and glial nodules (arrowheads). (B) Thalamus. Higher magnification of a perivascular cuff (arrow) consisting predominantly of mononuclear cells, and of a glial nodule (arrowhead). (C) Medulla oblongata. Satellitosis/neuronophagia characterized by glial cells (arrowheads) surrounding and partially infiltrating a hypereosinophilic (necrotic) neuron (arrow). (D) Cerebral cortex. Lymphoplasmacytic meningitis (arrowheads). (E) Spinal ganglion. Multifocal infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and fewer neutrophils surrounding and infiltrating a central necrotic neuron (arrow). (F) Spinal nerve. Lymphocytes, macrophages, and a few eosinophils infiltrate the nerve fascicles (arrowheads). Magnification: A = 2× (scalebar: 500 µm); B, E, F = 20× (scalebar: 50 µm); C = 40× (scalebar: 20 µm); D = 10× (scalebar: 100 µm).