Table 3.
Number of articles according to destructive leadership type, mental health outcomes, and organizational outcomes
| n | % | ni | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type of destructive leadership | |||
| Incivility | 5 | 28 | 0.28 |
| Abusive leadership | 6 | 33 | 0.33 |
| Toxic leadership | 1 | 6 | 0.06 |
| Laisse-faire leadership | 2 | 11 | 0.11 |
| Other | 4 | 22 | 0.22 |
| Total | 18 | 100 | 1.00 |
| Mental health outcomes | |||
| Burnout | 2 | 11 | 0.11 |
| Distress | 9 | 50 | 0.50 |
| Mental health | 6 | 33 | 0.33 |
| Depressive or anxious symptoms | 1 | 6 | 0.06 |
| Total | 18 | 100 | 1.00 |
| Organizational outcomes | |||
| Job satisfaction | 4 | 27 | 0.27 |
| Absenteeism | 2 | 13 | 0.13 |
| Turnover intention | 2 | 13 | 0.13 |
| Job turnover | 4 | 27 | 0.27 |
| Other | 3 | 20 | 0.20 |
| Total | 15 | 100 | 1.00 |
ni = relative frequency.