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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Sep 24.
Published before final editing as: J Aggress Maltreat Trauma. 2025 Aug 30:10.1080/10926771.2025.2549743. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2025.2549743

Table 3.

Study 2: IIP-32 scores between exploratory groups.

Group Mean
Victimization Only Perpetration Only Both Non-Violence-Exposed Controls
No CSA (n = 25) +CSA (n = 11) No CSA (n = 29) +CSA (n = 6) No CSA (n = 104) +CSA (n = 35) No CSA (n = 260) +CSA (n = 15)
IIP-32 Scale m SD m SD m SD m SD m SD m SD m SD m SD F (7, 478) p η2 d
Total 1.66 0.55 1.89 0.59 1.61 0.64 2.04 0.66 1.42 0.56 1.89 0.57 1.44 0.60 1.71 0.65 4.723 <.001* .067 .536
Both (+CSA) > Control (no CSA), p = .003*, d = .766; Both (+CSA) > Both (no CSA), p = .002*, d = .848
Hard to be assertive 1.16 0.99 1.48 0.80 1.24 0.95 1.46 1.04 0.98 0.82 1.75 0.83 1.17 0.90 1.37 0.89 3.082 .003* .044 .429
Both (+CSA) > Control (no CSA), p = .013*, d = .667; Both (+CSA) > Both (no CSA), p < .001*, d = .926
Hard to be sociable 1.42 0.95 1.39 0.90 1.29 0.96 2.13 0.96 0.89 0.83 1.66 0.76 1.11 0.91 1.38 0.82 4.737 <.001* .067 .536
Both (+CSA) > Control (no CSA), p = .008*, d = .656; Both (+CSA) > Both (no CSA), p < .001*, d = .969
Hard to be supportive 0.72 0.75 1.19 1.07 0.89 0.74 1.25 0.85 0.85 0.95 1.16 0.82 0.75 0.85 1.17 1.22 1.783 .089 .026 .327
Hard to be involved 1.27 1.03 1.64 0.97 1.32 0.92 1.88 0.96 1.19 0.95 1.60 0.79 1.08 0.97 1.30 0.92 2.329 .024* .034 .375
Both (+CSA) > Control (no CSA), p = .024*, d = .589
Too caring 2.39 0.88 2.68 0.91 2.07 0.95 2.46 0.66 2.04 1.20 2.31 1.00 1.94 0.84 2.20 0.97 2.145 .038* .031 .358
No significant differences detected between groups in follow-up analysis
Too dependent 2.28 0.78 2.61 1.15 2.35 0.95 2.38 0.88 2.00 0.77 2.52 0.71 2.05 0.86 2.50 0.92 3.091 .003* .045 .434
Both (+CSA) > Control (no CSA), p = .024*, d = .598; Both (+CSA) > Both (no CSA), p = .015*, d = .706
Too aggressive 2.22 1.02 2.43 1.27 2.12 0.99 2.67 0.86 1.89 0.77 2.13 0.81 1.78 0.79 1.93 0.76 3.294 .002* .047 .444
No significant differences detected between groups in follow-up analysis
Too open 1.89 0.96 2.27 0.95 2.33 0.66 2.46 0.46 2.16 0.71 2.31 0.84 2.06 0.75 2.35 0.64 1.654 .118 .024 .314