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HPV-16 infection of HaCaT cells documented by the appearance of an HPV-16-specific E1^E4 mRNA. cDNA samples obtained by reverse transcription of total RNA isolated from cells infected with HPV-16 (lane 1), uninfected cells (lane 2), cells infected with HPV-16 preincubated with HPV-16 L1 VLP antiserum (lane 3), and cells infected with HPV-16 preincubated with normal control serum (lane 4) were amplified with primers specific for HPV-16 E1^E4 (top) or β-actin (bottom).
