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. 2025 Sep 10;16:1625472. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1625472

FIGURE 6.

Panel A shows confocal images of cells stained with blue and red fluorescent markers, observed in different axes. Panels B and C display microscopy images comparing cellular uptake of different nanoparticles: PBS, CNT, Ox-CNT, CMC-CNT, and various sizes of GNPs (20 nm, 60 nm, 100 nm). Arrows indicate particle presence. Scale bars are included for reference.

Uptake of NPs into GM haemocytes 24 h post-injection. Haemocytes isolated from plasma samples from larvae injected with 15 mg/kg SC-SPION were fixed and stained with AlexaFluor546-labeled WGA to reveal the plasma membrane (red). The nucleus was stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). (A) single confocal section is shown, scale bars 10 μm. (y and x) orthogonal views of the same confocal image taken at the lines indicated in (A) demonstrate uptake of fluorescent SC-SPION (green, arrows). (B) Brightfield images of haemocytes isolated from larvae treated with 10 mg/kg CNT show altered morphology compared to control haemocytes and are clustered around CNTs (dark spots, arrows). (C) Brightfield images of haemocytes isolated from GNP injected larvae (5.6 mg/kg) have similar morphology to control haemocytes. Only larger size GNPs can be seen as dark spots associated with the cells (arrows; scale bar 15 μm). Representative images of n = 3 independent experiments with three biological replicates per experiment are shown.