Table 2.
Distribution of participant characteristics across PRU clusters.
| Characteristics | [ALL] N = 124 | [Cluster 1] High anxiety and concern (N = 53) | [Cluster 2] Low anxiety and concern (N = 27) | [Cluster 3] High anxiety, low concern (N = 44) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 28.0 [26.0; 31.0] | 28.0 [26.0;30.0] | 29.0 [27.0;32.0] | 27.0 [25.0;30.2] | 0.047 |
| Sex | 0.380 | ||||
| Female | 65 (52.4%) | 32 (49.2%) | 13 (20.0%) | 20 (30.8%) | |
| Male | 58 (46.8%) | 21 (36.2%) | 14 (24.1%) | 23 (39.7%) | |
| No answer | 1 (0.81%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (100%) | |
| Country region | 0.713 | ||||
| Midwest | 16 (12.9%) | 6 (37.5%) | 2 (12.5%) | 8 (50.0%) | |
| Northeast | 21 (16.9%) | 7 (33.3%) | 7 (33.3%) | 7 (33.3%) | |
| North | 3 (2.42%) | 2 (66.7%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (33.3%) | |
| Southeast | 47 (37.9%) | 21 (44.7%) | 12 (25.5%) | 14 (29.8%) | |
| South | 37 (29.8%) | 17 (45.9%) | 6 (16.2%) | 14 (37.8%) | |
| Time for graduation to residence, years | 2.00 [1.00; 3.00] | 1.00 [1.00; 2.00] | 2.00 [1.00; 3.00] | 1.00 [1.00; 2.00] | 0.046 |
| Current year of residence | 0.054 | ||||
| R1 | 61 (49.2%) | 29 (47.5%) | 8 (13.1%) | 24 (39.3%) | |
| R2 | 34 (27.4%) | 15 (44.1%) | 7 (20.6%) | 12 (35.3%) | |
| R3 | 29 (23.4%) | 9 (31.0%) | 12 (41.4%) | 8 (27.6%) | |
| Previous graduation in healthcare | 0.422 | ||||
| No | 117 (94.4%) | 51 (43.6%) | 24 (20.5%) | 42 (35.9%) | |
| Yes | 7 (5.65%) | 2 (28.6%) | 3 (42.9%) | 2 (28.6%) | |
| Previous medical residency | 0.055 | ||||
| No | 114 (91.9%) | 49 (43.0%) | 22 (19.3%) | 43 (37.7%) | |
| Yes | 10 (8.06%) | 4 (40.0%) | 5 (50.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | |
| PRU Scores | |||||
| TOTAL | 49.0 [41.0; 57.0] | 58.0 [52.0; 61.0] | 35.0 [30.0; 41.5] | 46.0 [41.0; 48.2] | <0.001 |
| D1 | 21.0 [17.8; 23.0] | 22.0 [20.0; 24.0] | 13.0 [11.0; 14.0] | 21.0 [19.0; 23.0] | <0.001 |
| D2 | 12.0 [8.75; 14.0] | 14.0 [13.0; 16.0] | 8.00 [4.50; 8.50] | 10.0 [8.75; 13.0] | <0.001 |
| D3 | 13.0 [9.75; 17.0] | 17.0 [15.0; 19.0] | 12.0 [9.50; 16.0] | 10.0 [9.00; 12.0] | <0.001 |
| D4 | 3.00 [2.00; 5.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 6.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 4.00] | 3.00 [2.00; 4.00] | 0.149 |
Distribution of sociodemographic, academic, and PRU-related variables across the different clusters identified in the study. For categorical variables, the table presents the proportion of participants within each subgroup allocated to each cluster (row percentages). The p-values correspond to the Kruskal–Wallis test for comparing continuous variables and the chi-squared test for comparing the distribution of categorical variables. R1, first year of residence; R2, second year of residence; R3, third year of residence; PRU, Physicians’ Reactions to Uncertainty; D1, anxiety from uncertainty; D2, concern about bad outcomes; D3, reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients; D4, reluctance to disclose mistakes to other physicians.