. 2025 Sep 10;12:1578575. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1578575

Table 3.

Characteristics of EMRs associated with PRU scores.

Predictors	D1			D2			D3			D3			TOTAL
Predictors	Estimates	95% CI	p-value	Estimates	95% CI	p-value	Estimates	95% CI	p-value	Estimates	95% CI	p-value	Estimates	95% CI	p-value
(Intercept)	20.78	11.44 – 30.13	<0.001	15.81	7.91 –23.72	<0.001	10.63	0.43 –20.84	0.041	10.63	0.43 –20.84	0.041	51.56	30.80 –72.32	<0.001
Age, years	0.1	−0.29 – 0.48	0.619	−0.06	−0.39 – 0.26	0.704	0.19	−0.24 – 0.61	0.386	0.19	−0.24 – 0.61	0.386	0.21	−0.65 – 1.06	0.633
Sex [Male]	−1.94	−3.61 – −0.27	0.023	−1.11	−2.52 – 0.30	0.123	−1.29	−3.11 – 0.54	0.165	−1.29	−3.11 – 0.54	0.165	−4.13	−7.83 – −0.42	0.029
Time from graduation to residence, years	−0.48	−1.26 – 0.29	0.22	−0.48	−1.13 – 0.18	0.152	−0.41	−1.26 – 0.43	0.335	−0.41	−1.26 – 0.43	0.335	−1.5	−3.22 – 0.21	0.086
Year of residence
Second year	−1.77	−3.81 – 0.27	0.088	−0.7	−2.43 – 1.03	0.423	−0.54	−2.77 – 1.69	0.631	−0.54	−2.77 – 1.69	0.631	−2.72	−7.26 – 1.81	0.236
Third year	−2.88	−5.24 – −0.52	0.017	−1.87	−3.87 – 0.13	0.066	−2.37	−4.95 – 0.21	0.071	−2.37	−4.95 – 0.21	0.071	−7.62	−12.86 – −2.37	0.005
Previous graduation in healthcare [Yes]	−2.82	−6.84 – 1.19	0.166	0.04	−3.36 – 3.43	0.982	−0.9	−5.29 – 3.48	0.684	−0.9	−5.29 – 3.48	0.684	−4.78	−13.70 – 4.14	0.291
Previous residence [Yes]	−0.59	−4.49 – 3.32	0.767	1.66	−1.64 – 4.96	0.321	3.37	−0.89 – 7.63	0.12	3.37	−0.89 – 7.63	0.12	5.65	−3.02 – 14.32	0.199
Observations	124			124			124			124			124
R²/R² adjusted	0.179/0.122			0.122/0.061			0.068/0.003			0.068/0.003			0.175/0.118

Values represent β coefficients with 95% CIs, obtained from regression models. The p-values indicate the statistical significance of the associations. Negative β values suggest a lower PRU score in relation to the reference group, while positive values indicate a higher PRU score. EMRs, emergency medicine residents; PRU, Physicians’ Reactions to Uncertainty; D1, anxiety from uncertainty; D2, concern about bad outcomes; D3, reluctance to disclose uncertainty to patients; D4, reluctance to disclose mistakes to other physicians.