Table 8.
Evaluation of HEI-SG-M by maternal education
| Component | Basic 1 (n = 80) | Intermediate2 (n = 80) | Advanced I 3 (n = 269) | Advanced II4 (n = 57) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) | |||||
| Rice and alternative | 91.8 (77.5–100) | 97.0 (84.9–100) | 89.4 (76.4–100) | 94.8 (72.9–100) | 0.171 |
| Whole grains | 12.1 a (3.3–33.6) | 38.1 b (6.5–76.5) | 24.1 ab (7–51.6) | 24.9 b (9.9–70.2) | 0.007 |
| Meat and alterative | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 100 (100–100) | 0.017 |
| Dairy and alternative | 64.4 (34.0–100) | 60.0 (33.8–100) | 69.5 (34.4–100) | 67.6 (42.6–100) | 0.948 |
| Vegetables | 52.9 a (37.2–78.9) | 59.3 a (42.5–84.8) | 60.7 ab (41.5–84) | 72.3 b (53.5–93.2) | 0.028 |
| Fruit | 53.9 a (31.1–97.4) | 55.7 a (26.3–87.5) | 61.9 a (39.1–96.0) | 98.9 b (65–100) | < 0.001 |
| Sodium | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0 (0.0–0.0) | 0.255 |
| Total fat | 54.9 (15.1–83.9) | 49.0 (17.5–86.3) | 41.0 (15.0–71.8) | 48.6 (24.4–72.7) | 0.373 |
| Saturated fat | 74.6 (59.1–84.5) | 71.7 (56.3–89.4) | 69.9 (59.1–81.4) | 73.4 (63.4–88.9) | 0.261 |
| Added sugar | 35.1 (0–77.1) | 41.3 (0–83.8) | 43.7(0–95.4) | 58.0 (0–90.9) | 0.598 |
| Overall (total) | 55.1a (48.1–61.1) | 57.4 ab (48.8–67.1) | 57.0a (48.5–65.6) | 62.5 b (50.2–71.6) | 0.022 |
1With primary, secondary and college education; 2Polytechnic or diploma holders; 3 Degree holders; 4Postgraduate degree holders. Sub-groups with different superscripts (a/b) for education attainment in a single row are statistically different (p < 0.05) by Mann-Whitney tests with Bonferroni’s post hoc test; 5 working hours ≥ 30 h a week; 6working hours < 30 h a week; 7 unemployed- look for a full-time employment; 8 unemployed- stay home mothers