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. 2025 Sep 23;15:32665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-19863-1

Table 6.

ANOVA snalysis for bead width.

Source Sum of Squares (SS) Degrees of Freedom (df) Mean Square (MS) F value p value Contribution (%)
Laser Power (P) 28.45 2 14.23 48.76 <0.001 43.7
Scan Speed (v) 8.12 2 4.06 13.92 0.002 12.5
Powder Feed Rate (F) 22.67 2 11.34 38.84 <0.001 34.8
P*v 2.15 4 0.54 1.85 0.161 3.3
P*F 1.98 4 0.5 1.71 0.188 3
v*F 1.62 4 0.41 1.4 0.272 2.5
Error 4.21 14 0.3 6.5
Total 65.08 26 100