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. 2025 Sep 23;15:32645. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-14703-8

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© The Author(s) 2025

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — Glutamic acid (A), aspartic acid (B), proline (C), glycine (D), alanine (E), arginine (F), cysteine (G), histidine (H), isoleucine (I), leucine (J), lysine (K), methionine (L), phenylalanine (M), serine (N), threonine (O), tyrosine (P), and valine (Q) concentrations in ‘Zaghloul’ date palm fruits as affected by exogenous applications of pollen grain of aqueous (PGA) or ethanolic (PGE) extract. Values are mean ± standard error (n = 3). Letters above the bars indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 level following Duncan’s test.