Table 3. Gene families encoding enzymes involved in the rutin biosynthesis pathway and the number of genes expressed during seed formation.
| Enzyme | Number of loci | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Detected in reference | Expressed | Pollen parent alleles detected | |
| Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H) | 6 | 2 | 1 |
| 4-Coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chalcone synthase (CHS) | 13 | 5 | 3 |
| Chalcone isomerase (CHI) | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Flavonoid-3ʹ-hydroxylase (F3ʹH) | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Flavonoid-3ʹ-5ʹ-hydroxylase (F3ʹ5ʹH) | 16 | 3 | 3 |
| Flavonol synthase (FLS) | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Glycosyltransferase (GTR)a | 12 | (1) | (1) |
| Total a | 62 | 22 | 14 |
a Gene for GTR was expressed in only one plant. The total does not include GTR.