TABLE 3.
Compounds Structure, Bioactivities, and Molecular mechanism of Glycoside and Phenylpropanoids.
| Types | Name | Compounds structure | Bioactivities | Molecular mechanism | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycosides | Geniposide |
|
Antiallergic Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Neuroprotective Cardioprotective |
1. Aβ↓ 2. Tau hyperphosphorylation↓, Synaptic loss↓, Memory impairment↓ 3. GLP-1R↑ → Synapse growth↑ 4. P2Y14↓ → Inflammation↓, Pro-inflammatory factors↓ 5. IL-4↓, IL-5↓, IL-17↓ → IL-2↑, INF-γ↑ → CD4+ Tregs↓, Foxp3+ Tregs↓ → Immune tolerance↑ |
Ran et al. (2021), Liu et al. (2022), Li et al. (2016a), Zhang et al. (2019a) |
| Phenylpropanoids | Gastrodin |
|
Antiallergic Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Neuroprotective Cardioprotective |
1. TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓ → Free radicals↓, Apoptosis↓ 2. TLR4↓, TRAF6↓, NF-κB↓ → Neuroinflammation↓, Microglial overactivation↓ |
Yao et al. (2020), Yang et al. (2022), Wang et al. (2024a) |
| Asarone |
|
Antiallergic Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Neuroprotective Cardioprotective |
1. Neuroprotective pathways↑ → Antioxidant effects↑, Anti-inflammatory effects↑ 2. Autophagy↑ → Protein aggregation↓, ER stress↓ |
Xiao et al. (2019), Wang et al. (2019), Balakrishnan et al. (2022) |