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. 2025 Apr 9;3(9):615–629. doi: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00080

3. Characteristic times and diffusivities obtained via MD simulations for Gd3+-aqua and Gd3+-DO3A-butrol in comparison with literature measurements. All quantities are at 37°C.

  Gd3+-aqua
Gd3+-DO3A-butrol
  This work Literature This work Literature
τ R (ps) 21.1 25, 26.24, 17.37, 22.91 69.3 57 ± 2
N I,in (≡ 2q) 17 18, 16 2 2
r in (Å) 3.06 3.05, 3.20, 3.04 3.18 3.1
D Gd (μm2 ms–1) 0.539 0.630 0.385
D W (μm2 ms–1) 2.94 3.04 , 2.94 3.04 ,
d O (Å) 4.60 3.9 5.01
τ D (ps) 60.8 33 75.5 60
τ D (ps)   80.3  
T e0 (ps) 316 277.6 104 111 ± 6
τ m (ns) 1.10 1.95, 1.58, 1.52 >22.8 176 ± 21, 250
a

Signifies the approximation given by τ R ∼ ⟨τ⟩

b

Signifies the case of bulk water without a contrast agent in the system.