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. 2025 Sep 18;13(9):e011565. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2025-011565

Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study sample in each randomized clinical trial.

CH status Response status Age Sex Smoking history
Yes (%) Non-responders (%) Median (range) Male (%) Never (%) Previous (%) Current (%)
Anti-PD-L1 arm (N)
 FIR (85) 17 (20.0) 61 (71.8) 66 (41–85) 49 (57.6) 9 (10.6) 62 (72.9) 14 (16.5)
 POPLAR (74) 12 (16.2) 57 (77.0) 61 (42–82) 48 (64.9) 10 (13.5) 51 (68.9) 13 (17.6)
 IMpower110 (85) 5 (5.9) 57 (67.1) 64 (46–81) 55 (64.7) 11 (12.9) 55 (64.7) 19 (22.4)
 IMpower150 (363) 54 (14.9) 167 (46.0) 63 (31–83) 228 (62.8) 65 (17.9) 207 (57.0) 91 (25.1)
 IMpower131 (250) 35 (14.0) 95 (38.0) 65 (25–85) 199 (79.6) 24 (9.6) 158 (63.2) 68 (27.2)
Overall (857) 123 (14.4) 437 (51.0) 64 (25–85) 579 (67.6) 119 (13.9) 533 (62.2) 205 (23.9)
Comparator arm (N)
 FIR (NA) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
 POPLAR (74) 13 (17.6) 53 (71.6) 61.0 (36–80) 36 (48.6) 17 (23.0) 47 (63.5) 10 (13.5)
 IMpower110 (78) 8 (10.3) 48 (61.5) 65.0 (44–84) 52 (66.7) 14 (17.9) 49 (62.8) 15 (19.2)
 IMpower150 (182) 26 (14.3) 92 (50.5) 63.0 (31–87) 108 (59.3) 33 (18.1) 107 (58.8) 42 (23.1)
 IMpower131 (90) 11 (12.2) 47 (52.2) 65.0 (45–79) 70 (77.8) 5 (5.6) 55 (61.1) 30 (33.3)
Overall (424) 58 (13.7) 240 (56.6) 63.5 (31–87) 266 (62.7) 69 (16.3) 258 (60.8) 97 (22.9)
Both arms=1281 181 (14.1) 677 (52.8) 64 (25–87) 845 (66) 188 (14.7) 791 (61.7) 302 (23.6)

CH, clonal hematopoiesis; PD-L1, programmed death ligand-1.