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. 2025 Sep 11;27(127):320–332. doi: 10.4103/nah.nah_82_25

Table 2.

Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment of the included studies

Study Selection criteria (Max 4 points) Comparability (Max 2 points) Outcome (Max 3 points) NOS quality rating
Leijssen et al.[9] 3 2 2 7/9
Wright et al.[10] 3 1 2 6/9
Orban et al.[11] 4 2 3 9/9
Hammersen et al. [12] 3 2 1 6/9
Hardoy et al.[13] 2 1 1 4/9
Nitschke et al. [14] 3 1 2 6/9
Seidler et al. [15] 4 2 3 9/9
Sygna et al. [16] 3 1 1 5/9
Yamazaki et al. [17] 2 1 1 4/9
Zock et al. [19] 4 2 3 9/9
Yoon et al.[20] 3 1 2 6/9