Table 2.

Proximity to daily patient and frontline staff interaction and feedback mechanisms.

Senior manager & clinicians			Support & seinor support workers, PPW
Very distant		Less distant			In the interactive flow
Monitoring email threads. Situations largely analyzed objectively	Reviewing and commenting on reports	Attending next-day de-brief meetings without involvement in the incident	Attend and support de-brief meeting soon after incidents on units	Immediate emotional support, e.g., asking the staff present “are you OK? Do you need 5 min out of it?”	Managing/responding to incidents. Keeping routine activities running smoothly. Fast moving situations often responded to intuitively