Table 2.
Small non-coding RNA molecules and their roles in tumor immunity.
| Molecular type | Exemplar molecule | Tumor type | Key role in tumor immunity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| microRNA | miR-196a | Breast cancer | Alters apoptosis and angiogenesis | (112) |
| microRNA | miR-10b | Breast cancer | Cell invasion and metastasis inductor | (112) |
| microRNA | miR-19a-3p | AML | T cell exhaustion and immune escape | (83) |
| microRNA | miR-135b | CRC | Potential noninvasive biomarker | (114) |
| microRNA | miR-221 | CRC | Potential biomarker for colorectal tumors | (115) |
| microRNA | miR-152 | Gastric cancer | Inhibiting the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway, and improve immune escape | (130) |
| siRNA | 3p-GPC-3 siRNA | HCC | Enhance the activation of CD4+, CD8+ T cells and NK cells | (130) |
| siRNA | PLGA (PD-L1 siRNA+PD-1 siRNA) - NP | Cervical cancer Lymphoma | inhibit the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells | (87) |
| piRNA | piR-021285 | Breast cancer | Associated with the prognosis and infiltration of various immune cells | (40) |
| piRNA | piR-1245 | CRC | Potential biomarker of CRC | (42) |
| piRNA | piR-hsa-30937 | Pancreatic tumor | Enhance CD276 expression in macrophages via the PTEN/AKT pathway | (100) |
| piRNA | piR-823 | CRC | Screening diagnostic biomarker for CRC | (116) |
| snoRNA | SNORD11B | CRC | Regulating 2′-O-methylation modification | (48) |
| snoRNA | snoRNA U50 | Gastric cancer | Isolates metastasis associated protein 2 | (49) |
| snoRNA | SNORA38B | NSCLC | Promote tumor progression | (50) |
| tsRNA | tsRNA-49-73-GLU-CTC | NSCLC | Reduce the proliferation and migration ability of tumor cells | (61) |
| tsRNA | tsRNA-Thr-50015 | HCC | Establishing it as a biomarker for both the diagnosis and treatment of HCC | (62) |
| tsRNA | tsRNA-GlyGCC | CRC | As a new target in combination with 5-FU to form more effective treatment plans | (54, 63) |
| tsRNA | tRF-Pro-AGG-004 | Pancreatic tumor | Serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosing pancreatic cancer | (117) |
| tsRNA | tRF-Leu-CAG-002 | Pancreatic tumor | Serve as novel biomarkers for diagnosing pancreatic cancer | (117) |
| tsRNA | tRNA-ValTAC-3 | HCC | As a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis | (113) |
| tsRNA | tRNA-GlyTCC-5 | HCC | As a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis | (113) |
| tsRNA | tRNA-ValAAC-5 | HCC | As a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis | (113) |
| tsRNA | tRNA-GluCTC-5 | HCC | As a new biomarker for tumor diagnosis | (113) |
| snRNA | U2snRNA | Acute leukemia | Lead to splicing errors | (67) |