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. 2025 Apr 17;27(10):4040–4050. doi: 10.1007/s12094-025-03913-1

Table 5.

Estimated average changes of HADS-A, HADS-D and GHQ- 12 scores according to cutoff of baseline values

Baseline value Estimated average change (95% confidence interval)), p value
Cutoff score HADS-A HADS-D GHQ- 12
5 0.420 (– 0.320 to 1.150), p = 0.270 – 1.138 (– 1.970 to – 0.780), p < 0.001 1.470 (– 1.000 to 3.940), p = 0.240
10 – 2.568 (– 3.230 to – 1.189), p < 0.001 – 3.720 (– 4.710 to – 2.720), p < 0.001 – 1.530 (– 3.220 to 0.150), p = 0.070
15 – 5.540 (– 6.680 to – 4.390), p < 0.001 – 5.050 (– 7.700 to – 4.410), p < 0.001 – 4.540 (– 5.870 to – 3.210), p < 0.001
20 Not applicable Not applicable – 7.540 (– 9.230 to – 5.850), p < 0.001

HADS-A Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, subscale anxiety; HADS-D Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, subscale depression; GHQ- 12 12-item General Health Questionnaire